A test in which a specimen is prepared with a fine finish, etched, and examined under
low magnification.

Welding with the torch, gun, or electrode holder held and manipulated by hand. Accessory equipment, such as part motion devices and manually controlled filler material feeders may be used. Variations of this term are manual brazing, manual soldering, manual thermal cutting, and manual thermal spraying.

Visible root reinforcement produced in a joint welded from one side.